对外汉语教学志愿者普通话一定要二级甲等以上吗?

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黎夕旧梦

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国家汉语国际推广领导小组办公室（简称“国家汉办”）《汉语作为外语教学能力认定》应该达到二级乙等以上。对外汉语教学所教授的是普通话，而不是方言，也不是带方言味儿的普通话。如果你要教普通话，无疑自身的普通话越标准越好，最好能达到一级乙等。达到了一级乙等或甲等，说明你的普通话在发音、词汇、语法、表达各个方面，基本就没有缺陷

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宝蓝妖精

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网络语内; 语内错误; 语内的双语例句A Study of Interlingual Pragmatic Failure and Intralingual Pragmatic Failure Based on Adaptation Theory 语际语用失误与语内语用失误的顺应性研究从顺应论的角度看称呼语的语用失误Translator's selection and adaptation during the process of interlingual and intralingual translation in translating Chinese classic works 浅谈典籍英译两次翻译转换过程中译者的选择与适应With ample examples the present paper illustrates the expressive function of linguistic forms and expounds the basic concept of intralingual meaning as well as the necessity of its translating. 本文说明语言信息的形式有表意作用，阐明语内意义的概念以及翻译语内意义的必要性，并从三方面论证可译的理论依据。It is the intralingual translation that connects the two phases and makes interlingual translation possible in the process of making source texts and translated texts accordant to each other. 语际翻译是通过语内翻译使两种语言相互协调、相互对话的过程，而非单纯地译入语对源语言的机械对应。The findings from the experiment indicate that intralingual transfer has an effect on the pronunciations of the words from the same root among students. 对英语专业大二学生的测试表明：学生中普遍存在同根词汇语音语内迁移现象，并且高频词汇影响其低频同根词的发音。The causes of them include non-linguistic interference, negative intralingual and interlingual transfer. 导致失误的原因有：非语言因素干扰、语内负迁移及语际负迁移。A Comparison between Interlingual and Intralingual Translations 语内翻译与语际翻译的比较And for intralingual sources, we lay focus on learning and communication strategy. 而在语内因素方面，我们主要就学习策略和交际策略进行了讨论。It sees the intralingual communication as one single ostensive-inferential process. 它将语内交际视作一个单一的明示&推理过程。There are 981 interlingual errors and 3118 intralingual errors; 4099个失误中有981个语间失误和3118个语内失误；This study not only has some reference value to the interlingual and intralingual research, but also contributes to the studies of Teaching Chinese as a Second Language, Second Language Teaching, and translation practice. 这不但对语内研究、语际研究有一定的参考价值，而且对对外汉语教学研究、第二语言教学及翻译工作都可以做出应有的贡献。Error analysis is the important theory and approach for exploring the mental process of Language learner in SLA. Its major contribution is pointing out that intralingual errors are the main reason of the errors during language learning. 错误分析理论是二语习得中探索语言学习心理过程的重要理论和方法，它的重大贡献是明确指出了语内错误是语言学习中错误来源的主要原因。Translation within the relevance-theoretic framework is an intralingual and interlingual communication with optimal relevance as the standard for evaluation. 关联理论讨论人的认知与交际，其框架下的关联翻译理论把翻译看作一种语内语际之间的交流，交际的成功在于最佳关联性的传递。What interactive effects do those intralingual factors exert on the simple past use? 这些语言内因素对英语学习者使用一般过去时有什么交互影响（interactiveeffects）？These errors could be attributed to negative transfer of Chinese, intralingual transfer and incomplete knowledge of rules concerning subordinate clauses. 这些错误可能是由于母语负迁移、英语语内迁移和对从句规则没有完全掌握引起的。After analyzing errors in the students 'compositions, the author also analyzes the sources of errors, including interlingual transfer, intralingual transfer and other sources. 通过分析学生作文中的错误，笔者也分析学生作文中错误的原因，从语际、语内和其它原因三个方面来分析。Through the data analysis, the author finds out that there are basically two causes for these errors, which are transfer and intralingual interference. 通过对偏误实例的分析和研究，归纳出偏误产生的原因主要有是迁移和语内干扰。The causes are complex and the main errors are due to interlingual cause intralingual cause, and the interference from cultural customs. Through the analysis and discussion in this thesis, the writer provided some advices for teachers and students of English vocabulary teaching and learning. 词汇错误的原因很复杂，主要原因是语际原因，语内原因和来自文化习俗的干扰.本文通过探讨为教师和学生英语词汇的教与学提供建议。In intralingual teaching strategies, teachers must use the target language maximally and avoid the native language in the classroom to ensure the input of the target language to students. 在语言内教学策略中，教师要尽可能的多使用目标语言并且尽量避免在课堂中母语的使用以确保对学生目标语言的灌输。Intralingual error is caused by overgeneralization, ignorance of rule restrictions, incomplete application of rules and so on. 语内干扰主要表现为过度概括，忽略了规则的限制，语言规则的不完整应用等。And possible causes for the common tense errors are language internal factors ( the interlingual transfer and the intralingual transfer) and the external factors ( communicative strategy-based factor, induced factor, the writings 'genre, and the attentional bias). 而中国英语学习者时态错误的普遍原因主要归为语言内部因素（语际迁移和语内迁移）及语言外部因素（交际策略、诱导因素、写作范围及注意力偏移）。It is also found that errors are caused by native language interference, intralingual interference and overgeneralization. 产生错误的原因分别是母语的干扰，语内迁移以及过度概括。At macro level, the errors are categorized into two major types: the interlingual and the intralingual errors. 在宏观层面，错误被归为两大类：语际错误和语内错误。And the reasons of the errors are because of the part below: interlanguage negative transfer, intralingual negative transfer, language environment and teaching mistake. 根据我们的深入考察以及与留学生本人的交流，发现造成偏误的原因大致有以下几个方面：语际负迁移、语内负迁移、环境因素以及教学失当的问题。The analysis of the study shows that interlingual errors and intralingual errors are two main types. 研究结果表明，导致错误的主要原因是语际错误和语内错误。By further study, the author finds the main possible causes of learners 'errors are interlingual transfer, intralingual transfer, communicative strategies, induced errors, and the negative influence of testing. 同时研究结果表明，学生出现错误的原因主要有语际迁移，语内迁移，交际策略，诱导错误和考试的负面影响。There may exist many causes, which may belong to either intralingual or interlingual category. 就这一问题，有很多原因可以探询：有可能是母语的影响或英语自身语言体系的干扰。Therefore, translators should focus on the semantic relations of words, lexical collocations and grammatical rules so as to reduce intralingual errors. 2. 因此，翻译者应加强英语词汇语义关系和搭配的学习以及对句法规则的掌握，减少语内错误。Possible reasons have been given forthe causes of these errors generally on interlingual, intralingual and textbook editing. 同时，从语内、语际和教材编写的角度分析出这些偏误产生的原因。Zhang Ailing did a great deal of intralingual translation and interlingual translation in her life. 张爱玲一生进行了很多语内和语际翻译。

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在眼泪中学会坚强′

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就业前景和就业广度来说，汉语言文学要好一些。1、汉语言文学主要培养掌握汉语和中国文学方面的基本知识的人才，通过有关理论、发展历史、研究现状等方面的系统教育和业务能力的基本训练。可在科研机关、高等院校从事研究、教学工作、有的可从事对外汉语教学。也可在新闻文艺出版部门、高校、科研机构和机关企事业单位从事编辑、文学评论、文学教学与研究工作，以及文化、宣传方面的工作等。2、汉语国际教育主打的是国际，但是目前国际形势太紧张了，国际教育不好开展。

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明晨紫月

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汉语言文学类包含的专业有：汉语言文学、汉语言、汉语国际教育、中国少数民族语言文学、古典文献学、应用语言学、秘书学、现在汉语、古代汉语、语言文字信息处理等。内容简介汉语言文学类专业主要培养具备中外文学理论素养和系统的汉语言文学知识，能在新闻文艺出版部门、高校、科研机构和机关企事业单位从事文学评论、汉语言文学教学、对外汉语教学与研究工作，以及文化、宣传方面、古籍整理、传统文化方面的实际工作的高级专门人才。1、专业简介汉语言文学专业主要培养掌握汉语和中国文学方面的基本知识，受到有关理论、发展历史、研究现状等方面的系统教育和业务能力的基本训练，可在科研机关、高等院校从事研究、教学工作、有的可从事对外汉语教学。可适宜在党政机关，包括报刊宣传、新闻出版、影视文化、互联网、对外交流其他企事业部门从事语言文字工作的专门人才。2、专业课程中国古代文学、中国现代文学、中国当代文学、外国文学、比较文学、民间文学、儿童文学、影视文学、文学概论、美学、古代文论、西方文论、中国文化概论、语言学概论、古代汉语、现代汉语、汉字学、音韵学、训诂学、写作、中国古典文学、民俗学、逻辑学、书法。

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对外汉语教学志愿者普通话一定要二级甲等以上吗?

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