syntax语言学中文介绍?

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背影依旧那么帅

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句法学Syntax研究语言的句子结构。该语言学术语来自希腊语，字意是排列。句子是根据一种特定的排列词的方式构成的。排列正确的句子被认为是合乎语法的句子。合乎语法的句子是根据一套句法规则构成的。句法是一个规则系统。句法是一个由一套数量有限的抽象规则组成的系统，句子由单词组合而成。句子的语法性是指句子的合成必须符合操本族语者头脑中的语法知识。

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一剑轻安

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语法是英文用字与句型变化的规则，包含了构字学(morphology)和句法学(syntax)。当然，要能使用英文与人沟通又包括了语意学(semantics)和语音学(phonetics)二个要素，可以把语法当成是英语语言学的初阶知识。语法的规则是经由整理归纳出来的，学习语法最重要的作用在于帮助非母语人士快速学习了解该语言的构字与构句规则。一般来说，母语人士对于自己语言的语法认知是普遍不足的，其原因在于母语人士对于自己的语言有一种直觉。这种母语直觉让他们不须要语法的辅助，凭直觉就可以正确使用该语言，又或者说他们的语法已经内化成自觉。以中文为例，一我们应该可以轻易地判断句(1)和(2)哪一个正确。(1) 他已经睡了。 ( )(2) 他不已经睡了。 ( )身为中文母语人士的我们可以很轻易的用我们的直觉去判断句子是否正确，但你是否能够解释给外国人听为什么(2)是错误的。我们通常是这么回答他们的: (1) 我们不这么说，或 (2) 我们会说他已经不睡了。这表示着我们不了解中文语法，但确有一种予生富有的直觉去「使用它」。一个了解中文语法的人会这么解释：句(2)违反中文中否定词的文法规则 — 否定词必须放在「已经」的后面; 但可以自由的放在「常常」前或后面，如句(a)、(b)、(c):(a) 我常常听音乐。(b) 我不常常听音乐。(c) 我常常不听音乐。另外，身为母语人士的我们也能比外国人更轻易判断句子(3)和(4)的差异:(3) 我也把他请来了。(其他人先前请过他，现今换我来请他。他可以是唯一的客人)(4) 我把他也请来了。(除了别的客人之外，我还请了他。除了他一定还有其他客人)有许多同学反应中文比英文简单多了，那是因为我们打从一出生就开始听中文，全中文化的环境让我们的中文在不知不觉中神速地进步。一岁的我们不会说，整天听爸爸妈妈说中文。二岁多的我们说的中文丢三捡四，有听没有懂。三岁的我们虽然还是常常被爸爸妈妈纠正，但用中文做基本的表达与沟通已经没什么问题了。到七岁，我们已经开始可以用中文表达或理解一些抽象的概念。七年所换得用膝盖想也知道的直觉，使我们不用文法也能正确使用中文来沟通。倘若同学有这种全英文化的环境长时间学习英文，那老师当然会建议你把英文文法摆一边去，转而培养你对英文的语言直觉。另外，回想一下，小学一年级的小朋友听说都有没问题，那读跟写的能力呢？一年级会写多少字？又认得多少字？所以母语人士花七年的时间几乎都在培养听与说的直觉能力，而在我们是这样学习英文的吗？倘若我们要把英文听说读写能力全部训练好，又需要多少年？小六的学生是否可以听说读写能力都很好了呢？如果是，那就是12年。而且是全英文环境下的12年。因此，同学若要在短时间达到自己所设定的英文程度，文法在英语学习上就相对显得十分重要了。英文语法是英文写作必备的基础。写作牵涉到的问题小自用字、再来构句、大到文章组织，每一个环节都必须处理得当。在「听、说、读、写」的英文学习过程中，写作一向是最后、也是最困难的一步。

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难折傲骨

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网络补码形式双语例句The modal complement is a peculiar form in the Chinese, and there is not the corresponding form in the Uygur language. 情态补语是汉语中特有的形式，维语中没有对应的形式。Then we should admit the existence value of the penalty fee as special complement responsibility form, but should make strict restriction on its application. 其主要责任形式为继续履行、赔偿损失、补偿金以及作为特殊补充责任形式的违约金，但违约金责任的适用应作严格规则控制。The standard form of trading cost is a complement to and development of, but not substitute for, the neo-classical standard form. 交易成本范式是对新古典范式的补充与发展，而不是替代，因而不构成所谓的范式革命。World Bank financing has been used to complement bilateral assistance, which is often in the form of in-kind aid. 世界银行的融资补充了一般采取实物援助形式的双边援助。Under feudal system, the family clansman is important complement and stretching form of feudalism regime, becomes the autonomous rule of grass-roots unit society unit. 在封建制度下，家庭宗族作为封建政权的重要补充和延伸形式，成为基层社会的自治单位。Clean notion as its core, clean theory as its direction, clean system as its foundation, and rich cultural connotation as its complement, clean corporation culture is a kind of derived corporation culture which takes a representing form of clean education activities and clean culture. 企业廉政文化是以廉政理念为核心、廉政理论为指导、廉政制度为基础，并辅之以丰富的文化内涵，最终以廉政教育活动和廉洁文化为表现形式的一种企业衍生文化。This thesis discusses the great values of law term for the history of Chinese grammar which based on the spring of forcing resultative complement and special syntax form. 文中以使成式的产生与特殊句式为例说明了法律用语对汉语历史语法学研究的重要价值。Set complement exists on it; According to this project, three projects of different cable form were given to compare the structural static stability, overall stability and dynamical stability. 有补集；在此方案的基础上，确定了三个不同的布索方案，进行静力、整体稳定和动力性能比较，得到了布索圈数对结构静力性能、整体稳定性能和动力性能的影响。Let G be semisimple matrix group with Lie algebra g, T a fixed maximal abelian subalgebra of g, T the orthogonal complement of T with respect to the Killing form of g, and a, b 6 T a fixed regular elements. of g, and a, b 6 T a fixed regular elements." data-id="890024">设G为半单矩阵群，g为其Lie代数，T为g的极大交换子代数，T~⊥为T关于g的Killing型（，）的正交补，a，b∈T为固定正则元。This text research 《 camel 》 medium of "drive" the complement of the phrases and negation form, pas the quantity covariance and analyze, inquiry into the modern Chinese language of "drive" the language righteousness characteristic of the phrases. 本文拟就《骆驼祥子》被字句的补语和否定形式的句法结构特点的数量统计和分析，探究现代汉语被字的这一语义特征。Science and technology and morals are all results of social practice, advances in science and technology and citizen's moral construction complement each other, mutually promote, and they form a benign and interactive system together. 科技和道德都是人类社会实践活动的产物，科技进步与道德建设相辅相成、相互促进，共同构成一个良性互动的系统。The characters of both judicial activism and passivism complement each other and form an integral in the practices of civil process and will lead to great changes in the reform of social economy and the progressive course of law civilization. 司法能动性的特征与司法被动性的特征并存而且统一于整个民事诉讼过程，必将推动社会经济的变革和法律文明的进程。The right to the land-use of which is allocated by the State is a kind of complement form that still exists in the system of compensated use of State-owned land in our country. 土地使用权划拨作为国有土地有偿使用制度的补充形式，在我国仍然存在。So neural network and fuzzy control can complement each other, raise the overall the capacity of learn and expression, expand their respective application domains, and form a more efficient knowledge processor. 因而，神经网络与模糊控制的结合可以互相取长补短，提高整个系统的学习能力和表达能力，扩大各自的应用领域，以构成更加强有力的知识处理工具。The complement form of the practicing examination is the logic examination, it with lend the characteristics and advantages of itself and can overcome the limitation of the practicing examination. 科学假说的实践检验的补充形式是逻辑检验，它凭借自身的优点能够克服实践检验的局限性。On contrary, literary communication and acceptance open up and deepen various cultural elements. They complement each other, promote reciprocally, form the benignancy circulation of cultural exchange. 文学的传播与接受又反过来拓展和深化了种种文化语境，两者相辅相成、互为促进，形成了文化交流的良性循环。In short, the various departments of the subject in the bear their respective responsibilities and obligations based on, good communication, mutual complement, equality and cooperation to form a food safety network governance mechanism for food safety. 总之，各部门各主体在承担各自责任和义务的基础上，良好沟通、互为补充，平等协作以形成食品安全的网络治理机制，实现食品安全的良好治理。Dispatch service is a new way of employment. As a complement to the traditional employment form, it has been booming in the labor market at home and abroad. 劳务派遣是一种新型用工方式，作为对传统企业用工方式的补充，在国内外劳动力市场上发展迅速。That is complement with the reality damage compensation system, nd together form the ecological compensation mechanism. 它与现实损害补偿制度相辅相成，共同构成了生态补偿机制。The paper not only elaborates the grammatical particularities of the directional complement, but also undertakes to explain the grammar point from both form and meaning in detail. 不仅阐述了趋向补语的语法特殊性，而且还按照对外汉语的教学语法要求运用形式、意义两方面相结合的方式对趋向补语进行了相对比较详细的描述。In this process, the various elements of the system influence each other, promote each other and complement each other and finally form a joint force, so that the amount of change to achieve a qualitative leap. 在这个过程中，系统的各个要素相互影响、相互促进、相辅相成，最后形成合力，从而使量的改变达到质的飞跃。The three systems co-exist, interrelated and complement each other to form a complete system. 这三项制度同时并存、相互衔接、相辅相成，形成一个完整的系统。Government and market, the two imperfect bodies, complement each other and form dynamic and contradictive relation. 政府与市场之间是两个不完善主体之间补充与被补充的、动态的、对立统一的关系。They have different implementation techniques, different control methods, different coverage and different data transmission rate, they complement each other and compete with each other to form the heterogeneous wireless networks. 它们具有不同的实现技术、不同的控制方式、不同的覆盖范围和不同的数据传输速率，它们既相互补充又相互竞争，构成了异构无线网络。Education for all-around development and New Curriculum Standard of biology for senior high school calls for new demands. It is very necessary to take the Second Class activities as a biological teaching complement and a main biological learning form. 素质教育和新课标给高中生物教学提出了新的要求，把第二课堂作为生物教学的补充和生物学习的主阵地是十分必要的。Biomarker detection and in vivo imaging complement each other and together to form the basis of clinical diagnosis and research. 生物标志物的检测和活体成像相辅相成，共同构成临床诊断和科研的基础。The complement and interaction of the odor substance from the three layers form the special odor of each habitat. 各层植物的气味物质互相补充，互相作用，形成了各类熊猫栖息地的特有气味。There are a large part of vocabularies in class A which could not act as the complement C in the form of "V de/ bu C". 甲级谓词中还有很大一部分词汇不能充当V得/不C形式中的补语C。As the complement to lingual pattern and spiritual world, Chinese Christian literature in the New Period is managing to construct an individualized living form in rich and strong style, as well as a spiritual space in which Deity and Poetry can reach reciprocal interpretation. 作为中国文学言说方式和精神世界的一种补充，新时期以来的中国基督教文学试图构建一个充满着丰富而强劲的个体生命形态以及神性和诗性可以互释的精神空间。With the continuous development and evolution of the network increasingly, a variety of existing and emerging wireless access technologies co-exist, both complement and compete with each other to form the next generation of wireless access network-the Wireless Heterogeneous Networks. 随着技术的不断发展和网络的日趋演进，各种现有的以及未来新兴的无线接入技术共同存在，既相互补充又相互竞争，构成下一代的无线异构网络。

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我為美人奪天下

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网络结构语法; 结构文法双语例句A solution to homonym correction based on Chinese phrase structure grammar is presented in this paper. 本文在讨论了汉语短语结构语法的基础上，提出了一种基于汉语短语结构语法的语音消歧方案。Head-driven phrase structure grammar 中心词驱动短语结构文法The author proposes a kind of RNA secondary structure graph grammar which composed by the set of initial structure graphs and the set of the rewriting rules. 论文针对RNA二级结构图提出一种图语法，该语法由初始结构图集和重写规则集构成，用重写规则在初始结构图上的不断重写得到的结构图都是该语法的语言。As you read through the proposal, make comments in places that you think need improvement, or correct sentence structure or grammar. 在你浏览计画书时，在你认为需要改进处做评论，或纠正句法文法的错误。The Structure and Grammar of Adjective in Sichuan Dialect 四川话形容词的结构类型及其语法意义No doubt, your teachers at school have given you specific writing practice drills to improve your sentence structure, grammar, style, syntax, and writing ability. 毫无疑问地，学校的老师会藉由给特定的写作练习训练来增进你的句型结构、文法、写作风格、语法和写作能力。I took the essence of your essay and revised its structure, grammar, and style, giving it an elegance and sophistication that will set you apart from other applicants. 我抓住了您文中的精髓所在，并在结构、语法和行文上进行了一些修改，使文章变的更加高雅和更有说服力，从而使您在众多申请者中能脱颖而出。The current syntax tagging models are customarily based on PSG ( Phrase Structure Grammar) or DG ( Dependency Grammar), but all have some shortcomings. 现有句法标注模型主要包括基于短语结构语法（PSG）和基于依存语法（DG）的句法标注模型，还存在一些局限性。We'll analyze the structure and grammar sense of this sentence pattern, try to analyze what causes it, and predict its tendency. 我们将这种句式的结构和表达的语法意义进行分析，并尝试分析这种句式产生的原因，预测其发展趋势。The present article addresses the issue from four aspects, with the emphasis on the development of interactive communicative competence of English learners. Discourse makes an emphasis on structure and grammar. 本文针对这一现象进行了四个方面的探讨，并强调指出：英语交际能力的培养应立足于学习者的互动交际能力的培养。语篇强调语法和结构。By rendering Dowty's argument selection from an abstract procedure into a concrete feature structure presentation, Davis has successfully introduced the lexical entailments into HPSG ( Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar). Davis通过把Dowty的论元选择从一个抽象过程实现为特征结构表达式，成功地将词汇语义蕴涵引入到HPSG框架之内。In the Teaching of Chinese Language to international learners, the focus has always been the narrative complement structure in grammar teaching. 在对外汉语教学中，汉语述补结构一直是教学重点，其中可能补语对留学生来说尤其是难点。这主要是因为可能补语和状态补语在某些情况下会出现相同的形式。The general procedures of translation are as follows: 1. analyze& analyze its surface structure from grammar and semantics; 翻译的一般程序为：1、分析&从语法和语义两方面分析原文的表层结构；This paper illustrates the formalization model employed in Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar. 简要评述了中心语驱动短语结构语法所采用的语言理论形式化方法。It is assumed in the paper that the index agreement theory in the framework of Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar, which incorporates syntax, semantics and pragmatics, seems to be a potential approach to the problems exhibited in the traditional explanation of agreement. 中心语驱动短语结构语法框架内的标引一致理论，则兼顾了句法、语义、语用因素，较好地解决了传统一致观所解决不了的问题。The structure, grammar usage, plural noun attributive and the problems in the use of the noun attributive etc are discussed in the paper. 英语名词定语的构成、语法作用、重迭式、复数名词定语以及使用名词定语时应注意的问题等为英语名词定语主要探讨的几个方面。This paper discusses and analyzes the "ABB" pattern in Yichang dialect, which is a kind of language pattern of overlapped adjectives from structure, grammar function and way of expression aspects, and the sources of this language pattern from historical language angle as well. ABB式为宜昌话一叠缀形容词格式，本文从结构方式、句法功能和表达特点等方面对其一一予以论析，并从历史语言的角度探讨、分析这一话语模式的语源关系。Structure grammar based on local area of collection of line segmentation and geometric element and number of classes of geometric element could extract manmade object from natural background. 基于直线段集合图像给定区域内直线线段的结构文法及其所含几何基元数目和几何基元种类将人造目标从自然背景中提取出来。This chapter from still and dynamic angle, analyse the word structure and grammar structure of proverbs to show the feature of proverb in structure. 在这一章中主要从静态和动态两个角度，对禅籍中谚语的词结构和语法结构进行具体分析，从而展示谚语在动态的语用过程中，结构上的灵活性特点。The constraint-based theories Head-driven Phrase Structure grammar ( HPSG) and Lexical Functional Grammar ( LFG) integrate syntax and semantics in the account of anaphoric study. 以制约规则为基础建立的中心语驱动短语结构语法和词汇功能语法将句法和语义相结合来研究复指现象。Most of them have made their contributions to the research on the translation of legal documents from the point of view of vocabulary, sentence structure and grammar. 其中大部分从词、句子和语法的角度出发详细地探讨了法律文献的翻译。PSG ( Phrase Structure Grammar) has been extensively applied in computational linguistics. 短语结构语法在计算语言学中得到广泛的应用。He holds that the logic structure is built on the grammatical structure, grammar structure and logic structure of characters, words and sentences. 朱子认为，《大学》的意义结构正是建立在字、词、句、篇的语法结构、文法结构和逻辑结构之上。Based on the research about structure and grammar of EXPRESS language, STEP information is extracted for screw parts model in Java program. 本文通过对EXPRESS语言结构形式和语法的研究，针对螺杆零件模型进行STEP信息递归提取，用Java语言实现STEP文件到螺杆模型的映射。Context-free grammar which is aslo referred to as phrase structure grammar, is the most commonly mathematical system used to simulate the composition structure of natural language. Syntactic analysis is based on context-free grammar to identify sentences and assign sentences 'structure. 上下文无关语法又称为短语结构语法，是模拟自然语言成分结构的最常用的数学系统。此时就可以对句子进行句法剖析了，也就是根据上下文无关语法识别一个句子并给句子指派结构。In the writing process, students have the their opportunity to use language points and consolidate their knowledge of the structure of grammar, idioms and vocabulary which have been taught by their teachers. 在写作过程中，学生拥有了使用语言知识点和巩固教师已教给他们的语法知识结构，习惯用语以及反映他们的词汇量的机会。The external structure included grammar 、 tone and meaning. 外部结构包含三个层面，语法结构、调类结构和意义结构。SFG presents a view of language in terms of both structure ( grammar) and words ( lexis). 系统功能语法从语言的结构（语法）和词汇两方面提出了观点。It is pointed out that much attention is paid to linguistic knowledge, such as sentence structure, grammar and phonetics in the college English teaching in China, while the context of the language and the culture are ignored. 指出中国的大学英语教学注重的是语言知识、句型结构、语法和语音等，而忽视了语境和文化。

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syntax语言学中文介绍?

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